1 what is lubricating oil

Lubricating oil is a technology-intensive product, a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, and its real performance is the combined effect of complex physical or chemical changes. The basic function of lubricating oil is to lubricate the machine and reduce friction. The basic properties of lubricants include general physical and chemical properties, special physical and chemical properties and simulated bench tests. For lubricants, general physical and chemical properties can indicate the inherent quality of the product

2 Basic physical and chemical knowledge of lubricants

Appearance (chromaticity):

The color of oil can often reflect its degree of refinement and stability. For the base oil, the higher the degree of refinement, the cleaner the hydrocarbon oxides and sulfides are removed, and the lighter the color. However, even if the refining conditions are the same, the color and transparency of the base oil produced from different oil sources and base crude oils may be different. For new finished lubricants, due to the use of additives, color has lost its original meaning as an index for judging the degree of refinement of the base oil.

density:

Density is the simplest and most commonly used physical performance index for lubricants. The density of lubricating oil increases as the amount of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur in its composition increases. Therefore, under the same viscosity or relative molecular mass, the oil contains more aromatic hydrocarbons, and contains more gums and asphaltenes. The density of lubricating oil is the highest, the one with more cycloalkanes is in the middle, and the one with more alkanes is the smallest.

Viscosity:

Viscosity reflects the internal friction of oil products and is an indicator of oil properties and fluidity of oil products. Without adding any functional additives, the higher the viscosity, the higher the oil film strength and the worse the fluidity.

The meaning of 100℃ kinematic viscosity of internal combustion engine oil: 100℃ kinematic viscosity is a main quality index of engine oil. To use engine oil, the viscosity must first be selected correctly. If the viscosity is too large, it will cause difficulty in starting and consume power; if the viscosity is too small, it will weaken the sealing performance and reduce the oil pressure, resulting in a shortage of oil supply and wear of the parts.

Viscosity index:

The viscosity index indicates the degree to which the viscosity of the oil changes with temperature. The higher the viscosity index, the less the oil viscosity is affected by temperature, the better its viscosity-temperature performance, and vice versa.

3 Product development trend of engine lubricants

Lubricant requirements:

Enhance anti-oxidation

Reduce volatility

Low viscosity trend

Ash control system (Low SAPS)

4 Performance requirements of engine lubricants

1 Suitable viscosity and good viscosity-temperature performance

The viscosity of the lubricating oil is related to the startability of the engine, the degree of wear of the parts, the consumption of fuel and lubricating oil, and the size of the power loss. The oil viscosity is too high, the fluidity is poor, and it takes a long time to enter the friction surface, the fuel consumption will increase, the wear of the parts will increase, and the cleaning and cooling properties will be poor. But the sealing performance is good; the viscosity is too small, a reliable oil film cannot be formed, the lubrication cannot be maintained, the sealing performance is poor, the wear is large, and the power is reduced. Therefore, it is not good if the viscosity is too large or too small, and it should be appropriate. The operating temperature range of engine lubricating oil is very wide. It is required to have sufficient viscosity to ensure lubrication at around 300°C; it is required to have sufficient fluidity when it is below 0°C, or even at -40°C, to ensure smooth starting. Therefore, good viscosity characteristics and viscosity-temperature properties are required.

2 Good detergency and dispersion performance

The internal combustion engine oil should have a good detergency and dispersion effect, which can wash off the oxidation products attached to the cylinder wall and piston, and make it evenly dispersed in the engine oil. When the cleanliness of the engine oil is poor, it will coalesce in the high temperature parts of the engine. The oxidation products of the oxidized product continue to oxidize, thereby generating a large amount of paint film and carbon deposits, leading to increased adhesion and wear of the piston ring, and even accidents such as cylinder pulling. When the dispersibility of the oil is poor, the cleaned high-temperature deposits and sludge cannot be evenly dispersed in the oil, causing the oil circuit and the oil filter to block, resulting in abnormal oil pressure, increased oxidation, and even inability to supply oil normally, causing chemical damage. Watt and other accidents. In order to prevent the occurrence of the above failures, it is necessary to add metallic detergents and ashless dispersants in the lubricating oil. Among them, the metal type detergent dispersant can prevent carbon deposits in the piston ring groove and has a good cleaning ability on the piston ring area; the ashless type dispersant can uniformly disperse the deposits and sludge in the engine oil.

3 Good abrasion resistance

Most of the engines use sliding bearings, and they have to bear a great load, such as the main bearing is 5-10MPa (steam) and 10-20MPa (diesel), the connecting rod bearing is 7-14MPa (steam) and 12-15MPa (diesel) ), individual parts can even reach 90MPa. Engine lubricating oil must have good abrasion resistance under high load and high pressure conditions.

4 Good acid neutralization

Fuel oil, especially diesel, contains a large amount of sulfur, and the acid gas produced after combustion combines with water to form a solution such as sulfuric acid or sulfurous acid. These acids corrode the metals in the engine. Therefore, the lubricating oil is required to have a good ability to neutralize the acid and reduce the damage to the engine by the acidic substances produced by combustion.

5 Good anti-oxidation and thermal oxidation performance

Under the working temperature of the engine, due to the catalysis of metals, the internal combustion engine oil is affected by oxygen and combustion products to produce oxidation, polymerization, condensation and other reactants, such as acidic substances, paint film, sludge and carbon deposits, so that the oil is lubricated Sex becomes worse or even lost. At the same time, due to the formation of paint film and carbon deposits, not only the engine cylinder is overheated, the sealing performance of the piston ring is reduced, but the power loss of the engine is increased. Therefore, various antioxidant additives should be added to lubricating oil to improve its thermal stability and high temperature oxidation resistance. 6 Good foam resistance

During the operation of the engine oil, due to the strong agitation of the crankshaft, it is easy to produce foam, and the foam is not easy to disappear. The foam produced in the use of engine oil will destroy the oil film, increase friction surface wear and even cause sintering, and promote the oxidation and deterioration of lubricating oil. It will also cause air resistance in the lubrication system and affect the normal circulation of engine oil. Therefore, foam resistance is an important quality indicator of engine oil. An anti-foaming agent must be added to the lubricating oil to inhibit the generation of foam and defoam to ensure the normal function of the oil.

7 Excellent shear stability

During the use of the multi-grade oil with thickener, due to the effect of mechanical shearing, the high molecular polymer in the oil is cut, which reduces the viscosity of the oil and affects normal lubrication. Therefore, shear stability is a special physical and chemical property that must be tested for multi-grade oils, and the purpose is to determine the rate of decrease in viscosity of oils. There are many methods for measuring shear stability, including ultrasonic shearing method and diesel nozzle shearing method.

5 Mengshi lubricating oil comes from quality

Professional lubricant manufacturer

Quality-made high-performance series of oils

Professional quality inspection, full quality control

Have independent research and development capabilities

Multiple OEM certifications

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